THỰC TẬP DỊCH
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The thyroid gland develops from the proximal primitive foregut between the first and second pharyngeal pouches at the foramen cecum, in the midline of the base of the tongue. Translate
During the 5th embryonic week, a diverticulum forms at the foramen which inferiorly migrates anterior to the body of the hyoid bone, curving posterior and superiorly to reach behind the bone before once more turning inferiorly and continuing anterior to the larynx, forming the thyroglossal duct 1,3,7. Translate
The tip of the duct bifurcates, forming the two lobes of the gland. The parafollicular cells (C cells) responsible for calcitonin production are derived from separate tissue, the ultimobranchial body, a small diverticulum of the fourth pharyngeal pouch. Translate
Ultrasound - Siêu âm • the normal thyroid gland has a homogeneous appearance
Translate• the capsule may appear as a thin hyperechoic line.
Translate• each lobe normally measures:
Translate length: 4-7 cm
Translate depth: <2 cm
Translate isthmus <0.5 cm deep
Translate • volume (excluding isthmus, unless its thickness is >3 mm) Translate 10-15 mL for females - 10-15 mL ở nữ 12-18 mL for males - 12-18 mL ở nam
• Graves disease - Bệnh Graves (Basedow) • de Quervain thyroiditis (subacute granulomatous)
Translate postviral
Translate associated with HLA-B35
Translate acutely there is an increase in thyroid hormone, with a resultant decrease in TSH. As a result there is a decrease in 131I uptake; eventually, however, the main phase is that of a hypothyroid state
Translate• Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis/ silent thyroiditis
Translate painless
Translate young women, especially in postpartum period
Translate gland is usually normal in size, or minimally increased
Translate usually an early hyperthyroid state which returns to normal, but may have a transient late hypothyroid period.
TranslateHashimoto thyroiditis - Viêm giáp Hashimoto F>M 10:1 - Nữ/ nam: 10: 1 associated with - kết hợp với: Down syndrome and Turner syndrome - Hội chứng Down và hội chứng Turner autoimmune conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome and myasthenia gravis
Translateprimary thyroid lymphoma
Translate anti-TSH-receptor-autoantibodies
Translate CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell mediated
Translate usually hypothyroid, although there may be a brief hyperthyroid early phase
Translate• Riedel thyroiditis - Viêm tuyến giáp Riedel distinctive in that inflammation extends beyond the confines of the gland in to adjacent tissues
Translate typically presents as a hard goiter which commonly compresses the trachea; it is hypoenhancing and hypoechogenic
Translate associated with - kết hợp với:: retroperitoneal fibrosis
Translateprimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
TranslateNote: although Graves disease is autoimmune it is not really a thyroiditis as it does not have a significant inflammatory component. Translate
Includes thyroiditis associated with
Translate PCP / PJP
Translate MAIC : Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection
Translate Fungal
Translate
• “Thyroid” derives from the Greek word “θνρεός” (large oblong shield) and “είδος” (-like) 5. The Greek shield had a notch cut into it for the chin, and the resemblance of the shield to a particular piece of cartilage in the neck brought about the term “thyreoid cartilage” (the “e” was later dropped). Translate
• The thyroid gland was originally known as the “laryngeal gland”, and was renamed the “thyroid gland” by Thomas Wharton in 1646. translate
Cùng theo dõi những bài viết khác để bồi dưỡng thêm kiến thức y khoa và thuật ngữ tiếng anh chuyên ngành Y Khoa tại trang chủ anhvanyds.com các bạn nhé
BS. Võ Thị Thanh Hương
Bệnh viện Ung Bướu Nghệ An
Nguồn tham khảo: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/thyroid-gland?lang=us
Link nội dung: https://tulieutieuhoc.edu.vn/doan-tu-tieng-anh-a75743.html